The G clef is a musical symbol that shows where the note G is located on the staff.
When you see it at the beginning of a piece of music:
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It curls around the second line from the bottom of the staff.
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That line is G above middle C.
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Once G is fixed, all other notes on the staff are determined in relation to it.
It’s called the G clef because of this reference point, but in practice, it’s most often seen as the treble clef — used for higher-pitched instruments and voices like violin, flute, trumpet, soprano voice, and the right hand in piano music.